/* Apple-style Reset and Base Styles */
* {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

:root {
  --primary-color: #007aff;
  --secondary-color: #5856d6;
  --accent-color: #ff2d92;
  --success-color: #34c759;
  --text-primary: #1d1d1f;
  --text-secondary: #86868b;
  --text-tertiary: #c7c7cc;
  --background-primary: #ffffff;
  --background-secondary: #f5f5f7;
  --surface: #fafafa;
  --border-color: #d1d1d6;
  --shadow-light: 0 4px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
  --shadow-medium: 0 8px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
  --shadow-heavy: 0 20px 60px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
  --radius-small: 8px;
  --radius-medium: 12px;
  --radius-large: 20px;
  --transition: all 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.25, 0.46, 0.45, 0.94);
  --blur: saturate(180%) blur(20px);
}

@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
  :root {
    --text-primary: #f5f5f7;
    --text-secondary: #a1a1a6;
    --text-tertiary: #48484a;
    --background-primary: #000000;
    --background-secondary: #1c1c1e;
    --surface: #2c2c2e;
    --border-color: #38383a;
  }
}

html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

body {
  font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'SF Pro Display', 'SF Pro Text', 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif;
  line-height: 1.47059;
  color: var(--text-primary);
  background: var(--background-primary);
  font-feature-settings: 'kern' 1, 'liga' 1;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
  overflow-x: hidden;
  transition: var(--transition);
}

.container {
  width: 100%;
  background: var(--background-primary);
}

/* Typography */
h1,
h2,
h3,
h4,
h5,
h6 {
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: -0.022em;
  line-height: 1.1;
  color: var(--text-primary);
}

p {
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}

/* Header Styles */
.header {
  position: fixed;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.78);
  backdrop-filter: saturate(180%) blur(25px);
  border-bottom: 0.5px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
  z-index: 1000;
  transition: all 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.25, 0.46, 0.45, 0.94);
  box-shadow: 0 1px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.02);
}

.nav {
  max-width: 1200px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  padding: 0 24px;
  height: 44px;
}

.nav-brand {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 2px;
}

.nav-brand h1 {
  font-size: 21px;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--text-primary);
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}

.nav-brand p {
  font-size: 12px;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}

.nav-right {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 32px;
}

.nav-menu {
  display: flex;
  list-style: none;
  gap: 32px;
  align-items: center;
}

.nav-menu a {
  text-decoration: none;
  color: var(--text-primary);
  font-size: 17px;
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  transition: all 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.25, 0.46, 0.45, 0.94);
  padding: 8px 16px;
  border-radius: 8px;
  position: relative;
}

.nav-menu a::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background: rgba(0, 122, 255, 0.1);
  border-radius: 8px;
  opacity: 0;
  transform: scale(0.9);
  transition: all 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.25, 0.46, 0.45, 0.94);
}

.nav-menu a:hover {
  color: var(--primary-color);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}

.nav-menu a:hover::before {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: scale(1);
}

/* Language Switch */
.lang-btn {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
  color: var(--text-primary);
  border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
  border-radius: 20px;
  padding: 8px 16px;
  font-weight: 500;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: all 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.25, 0.46, 0.45, 0.94);
  font-size: 14px;
  min-width: 48px;
  backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
  box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.lang-btn::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary-color), var(--secondary-color));
  opacity: 0;
  transition: opacity 0.3s ease;
}

.lang-btn:hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px) scale(1.05);
  box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(0, 122, 255, 0.15);
  border-color: var(--primary-color);
  color: var(--primary-color);
}

.nav-toggle {
  display: none;
  flex-direction: column;
  cursor: pointer;
  gap: 4px;
}

.nav-toggle span {
  width: 24px;
  height: 2px;
  background: var(--text-primary);
  transition: var(--transition);
  border-radius: 1px;
}

/* Hero Section */
.hero {
  padding: 140px 24px 100px;
  background: var(--background-primary);
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.hero::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  background: radial-gradient(ellipse 80% 50% at 50% -20%, rgba(0, 122, 255, 0.08) 0%, transparent 60%),
    linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(0, 122, 255, 0.02) 0%, rgba(88, 86, 214, 0.03) 100%);
  pointer-events: none;
}

.hero-content {
  max-width: 1200px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 80px;
  align-items: center;
}

.hero-text h2 {
  font-size: clamp(32px, 5vw, 56px);
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--text-primary);
  margin-bottom: 24px;
  line-height: 1.07143;
  letter-spacing: -0.005em;
}

.hero-text p {
  font-size: 21px;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  margin-bottom: 32px;
  line-height: 1.47619;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}

.hero-buttons {
  display: flex;
  gap: 16px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

/* Button Styles with Apple-like animations */
.btn {
  padding: 12px 24px;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 22px;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-weight: 500;
  font-size: 17px;
  transition: var(--transition);
  cursor: pointer;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  min-height: 44px;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.btn::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  border-radius: 22px;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2) 0%, transparent 50%);
  opacity: 0;
  transition: var(--transition);
}

.btn:hover::before {
  opacity: 1;
}

.btn-primary {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary-color) 0%, #0056cc 100%);
  color: white;
  box-shadow: 0 6px 25px rgba(0, 122, 255, 0.35);
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.btn-primary::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  left: 50%;
  width: 0;
  height: 0;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3);
  border-radius: 50%;
  transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
  transition: width 0.3s ease, height 0.3s ease;
}

.btn-primary:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0056cc 0%, #004499 100%);
  transform: translateY(-4px) scale(1.02);
  box-shadow: 0 12px 40px rgba(0, 122, 255, 0.5), 0 6px 20px rgba(0, 122, 255, 0.3);
}

.btn-primary:hover::after {
  width: 200px;
  height: 200px;
}

.btn-secondary {
  background: rgba(0, 122, 255, 0.08);
  color: var(--primary-color);
  border: 1px solid var(--primary-color);
  backdrop-filter: blur(15px);
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.btn-secondary::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background: var(--primary-color);
  transform: scaleX(0);
  transition: transform 0.3s ease;
  z-index: -1;
}

.btn-secondary:hover {
  color: white;
  transform: translateY(-4px) scale(1.02);
  box-shadow: 0 10px 35px rgba(0, 122, 255, 0.4);
  border-color: transparent;
}

.btn-secondary:hover::after {
  transform: scaleX(1);
}

.hero-image {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
}

.avatar {
  width: 240px;
  height: 240px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary-color) 0%, var(--secondary-color) 100%);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 80px;
  color: white;
  box-shadow: 0 30px 90px rgba(0, 122, 255, 0.3), 0 12px 40px rgba(0, 122, 255, 0.2),
    inset 0 2px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3);
  transition: all 0.5s cubic-bezier(0.25, 0.46, 0.45, 0.94);
  position: relative;
  animation: avatarPulse 8s ease-in-out infinite;
}

.avatar::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  inset: -3px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: linear-gradient(
    135deg,
    rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3) 0%,
    rgba(0, 122, 255, 0.1) 30%,
    transparent 50%,
    rgba(88, 86, 214, 0.1) 70%,
    rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2) 100%
  );
  z-index: -1;
  animation: avatarGlow 4s ease-in-out infinite alternate;
}

.avatar:hover {
  transform: scale(1.08) rotateY(8deg);
  box-shadow: 0 40px 120px rgba(0, 122, 255, 0.4), 0 16px 50px rgba(0, 122, 255, 0.3),
    inset 0 2px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4);
}

@keyframes avatarPulse {
  0%,
  100% {
    transform: scale(1);
  }
  50% {
    transform: scale(1.02);
  }
}

@keyframes avatarGlow {
  0% {
    opacity: 0.7;
  }
  100% {
    opacity: 1;
  }
}

/* Section Styles */
section {
  position: relative;
}

.section-header {
  text-align: center;
  margin-bottom: 64px;
  max-width: 800px;
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
}

.section-header h2 {
  font-size: clamp(28px, 4vw, 40px);
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--text-primary);
  margin-bottom: 16px;
  letter-spacing: -0.022em;
}

.section-header p {
  font-size: 19px;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  line-height: 1.47368;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}

/* Tools Section - Minimized */
.tools-section {
  padding: 60px 24px;
  background: var(--background-secondary);
  opacity: 0.85;
}

.tools-section .section-header h2 {
  font-size: clamp(24px, 3vw, 32px);
  color: var(--text-secondary);
}

.tools-section .section-header p {
  font-size: 16px;
  color: var(--text-tertiary);
}

.tools-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 24px;
  max-width: 1200px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.tool-card {
  background: var(--background-primary);
  padding: 28px 24px;
  border-radius: var(--radius-medium);
  text-align: center;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
  transition: var(--transition);
  border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  opacity: 0.9;
}

.tool-card::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  height: 2px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--text-tertiary), var(--text-secondary));
}

.tool-card::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  border-radius: var(--radius-medium);
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05) 0%, transparent 50%);
  opacity: 0;
  transition: var(--transition);
  pointer-events: none;
}

.tool-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-4px) scale(1.01);
  box-shadow: 0 12px 40px rgba(0, 122, 255, 0.08);
  opacity: 1;
}

.tool-card:hover::after {
  opacity: 1;
}

.tool-icon {
  width: 56px;
  height: 56px;
  border-radius: 14px;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--text-secondary) 0%, var(--text-tertiary) 100%);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  margin: 0 auto 20px;
  font-size: 24px;
  color: white;
  transition: var(--transition);
  position: relative;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 16px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

.tool-icon::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  inset: -1px;
  border-radius: 15px;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2) 0%, transparent 50%);
  z-index: -1;
}

.tool-card:hover .tool-icon {
  transform: scale(1.05) rotate(3deg);
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary-color) 0%, var(--secondary-color) 100%);
  box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(0, 122, 255, 0.2);
}

.tool-card h3 {
  font-size: 19px;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--text-primary);
  margin-bottom: 12px;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}

.tool-card p {
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  margin-bottom: 20px;
  line-height: 1.5;
  font-size: 15px;
}

.tool-link {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  padding: 10px 20px;
  background: var(--text-secondary);
  color: white;
  text-decoration: none;
  border-radius: 18px;
  font-weight: 500;
  font-size: 15px;
  transition: var(--transition);
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}

.tool-link:hover {
  background: var(--primary-color);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}

/* About Section */
.about-section {
  padding: 80px 24px;
  background: var(--background-primary);
}

.about-content {
  max-width: 980px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.about-text p {
  font-size: 21px;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  margin-bottom: 32px;
  line-height: 1.47619;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}

.stats {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(200px, 1fr));
  gap: 32px;
  margin-top: 64px;
}

.stat-item {
  text-align: center;
  padding: 32px 24px;
  background: var(--surface);
  border-radius: var(--radius-medium);
  border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
  transition: var(--transition);
}

.stat-item:hover {
  transform: translateY(-4px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-light);
}

.stat-number {
  font-size: 48px;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--primary-color);
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}

.stat-label {
  font-size: 17px;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}

/* Research Section */
.research-section {
  padding: 80px 24px;
  background: var(--background-secondary);
}

.research-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(300px, 1fr));
  gap: 24px;
  max-width: 1200px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  perspective: 1500px;
  transform-style: preserve-3d;
}

.research-card {
  background: var(--background-primary);
  padding: 32px 24px;
  border-radius: var(--radius-medium);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-light);
  transition: box-shadow 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.25, 0.46, 0.45, 0.94),
    border-color 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.25, 0.46, 0.45, 0.94);
  border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  transform-style: preserve-3d;
  transform-origin: center center;
  cursor: pointer;
  backface-visibility: hidden;
  perspective: 1200px;
}

/* 优化的动态光感效果 - 防止出框 */
.research-card::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  border-radius: var(--radius-medium);
  background: radial-gradient(
    circle 200px at var(--mouse-x, 50%) var(--mouse-y, 50%),
    rgba(0, 122, 255, calc(0.08 * var(--glow-intensity, 0))) 0%,
    rgba(88, 86, 214, calc(0.05 * var(--glow-intensity, 0))) 30%,
    rgba(255, 45, 146, calc(0.03 * var(--glow-intensity, 0))) 50%,
    transparent 70%
  );
  opacity: 0;
  transition: opacity 0.3s ease-out;
  pointer-events: none;
  z-index: 1;
  filter: blur(8px);
  overflow: hidden;
}

/* 金属反光条效果 - 使用伪元素实现动态反光 */
.research-card {
  position: relative;
}

/* 激活光感效果 */
.research-card:hover::after {
  opacity: 1;
}

/* 简化的金属反光效果 - 防止出框 */
.research-card::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  border-radius: var(--radius-medium);
  background: linear-gradient(
      135deg,
      rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1) 0%,
      transparent 30%,
      rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05) 70%,
      transparent 100%
    ),
    radial-gradient(
      circle at var(--mouse-x, 50%) var(--mouse-y, 50%),
      rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1) 0%,
      rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05) 30%,
      transparent 60%
    );
  opacity: 0;
  transition: opacity 0.4s ease;
  pointer-events: none;
  z-index: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
}

/* 鼠标悬停时激活反光效果 */
.research-card:hover::before {
  opacity: 1;
}

.research-card:hover::after {
  opacity: 1;
}

.research-card:hover {
  box-shadow: 0 25px 80px rgba(0, 122, 255, 0.15), 0 10px 40px rgba(0, 122, 255, 0.1),
    0 5px 20px rgba(88, 86, 214, 0.08), inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4), inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.02);
  border-color: rgba(0, 122, 255, 0.2);
}

.research-icon {
  width: 56px;
  height: 56px;
  border-radius: var(--radius-small);
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary-color) 0%, var(--secondary-color) 100%);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
  font-size: 24px;
  color: white;
  transition: all 0.5s cubic-bezier(0.25, 0.46, 0.45, 0.94);
  position: relative;
  z-index: 3;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(0, 122, 255, 0.2);
}

.research-card:hover .research-icon {
  transform: scale(1.1) translateZ(10px);
  box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 122, 255, 0.4), 0 5px 15px rgba(88, 86, 214, 0.3);
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0056cc 0%, #4c48d6 100%);
}

.research-card h3 {
  font-size: 20px;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--text-primary);
  margin-bottom: 12px;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 3;
  text-decoration: none;
  border: none;
  transition: color 0.3s ease;
}

.research-card p {
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  line-height: 1.5;
  font-size: 16px;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 3;
  text-decoration: none;
  border: none;
  transition: color 0.3s ease;
}

.research-card:hover h3 {
  color: var(--primary-color);
}

.research-card:hover p {
  color: var(--text-primary);
}

/* Publications Section */
.publications-section {
  padding: 80px 24px;
  background: var(--background-primary);
}

.publications-list {
  max-width: 980px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 32px;
}

.publication-item {
  display: flex;
  gap: 32px;
  padding: 32px;
  background: var(--surface);
  border-radius: var(--radius-medium);
  border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
  transition: var(--transition);
}

.publication-item:hover {
  transform: translateY(-4px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-light);
}

.publication-year {
  font-size: 19px;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--primary-color);
  min-width: 80px;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}

.publication-content h4 {
  font-size: 19px;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--text-primary);
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.publication-content p {
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  margin-bottom: 12px;
  font-size: 17px;
}

.publication-tag {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 4px 12px;
  background: rgba(0, 122, 255, 0.1);
  color: var(--primary-color);
  border-radius: 12px;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}

/* Contact Section */
.contact-section {
  padding: 80px 24px;
  background: var(--background-secondary);
}

.contact-content {
  max-width: 800px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.contact-info {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 20px;
}

.contact-item {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 16px;
  padding: 20px 24px;
  background: var(--background-primary);
  border-radius: var(--radius-medium);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-light);
  border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
  transition: var(--transition);
}

.contact-item:hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-medium);
}

.contact-item i {
  width: 44px;
  height: 44px;
  border-radius: var(--radius-small);
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary-color) 0%, var(--secondary-color) 100%);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  color: white;
  font-size: 18px;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.contact-item span {
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--text-primary);
  font-size: 17px;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}

/* Footer */
.footer {
  background: var(--text-primary);
  color: var(--background-primary);
  padding: 48px 24px;
  text-align: center;
}

.footer-content {
  max-width: 1200px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
}

.footer-content p {
  color: var(--text-tertiary);
  font-size: 17px;
}

.footer-links {
  display: flex;
  gap: 24px;
}

.footer-links a {
  color: var(--background-primary);
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 17px;
  font-weight: 500;
  transition: var(--transition);
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}

.footer-links a:hover {
  color: var(--primary-color);
}

/* Scroll to top button */
.scroll-to-top {
  position: fixed;
  bottom: 32px;
  right: 32px;
  width: 56px;
  height: 56px;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--primary-color);
  color: white;
  font-size: 20px;
  cursor: pointer;
  opacity: 0;
  visibility: hidden;
  transition: var(--transition);
  z-index: 1000;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-medium);
}

.scroll-to-top:hover {
  background: #0056cc;
  transform: translateY(-4px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-heavy);
}

/* Enhanced Mobile Responsive Design */
@media (max-width: 1024px) {
  .hero-content {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    text-align: center;
    gap: 60px;
  }

  .hero {
    padding: 120px 24px 80px;
  }

  .tools-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    max-width: 800px;
    gap: 24px;
  }

  .research-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(300px, 1fr));
    gap: 20px;
  }

  .hero-text h2 {
    font-size: clamp(36px, 6vw, 48px);
  }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .nav {
    padding: 0 20px;
    height: 48px;
  }

  .nav-brand h1 {
    font-size: 19px;
  }

  .nav-brand p {
    font-size: 13px;
  }

  .nav-right {
    gap: 16px;
  }

  .nav-menu {
    display: none;
  }

  .nav-toggle {
    display: flex;
  }

  .hero {
    padding: 110px 20px 70px;
  }

  .hero-text h2 {
    font-size: clamp(32px, 8vw, 40px);
    margin-bottom: 20px;
  }

  .hero-text p {
    font-size: 19px;
    margin-bottom: 28px;
  }

  .avatar {
    width: 200px;
    height: 200px;
    font-size: 70px;
  }

  .tools-section,
  .about-section,
  .research-section,
  .publications-section,
  .contact-section {
    padding: 70px 20px;
  }

  .tools-section {
    padding: 50px 20px;
  }

  .section-header {
    margin-bottom: 50px;
  }

  .section-header h2 {
    font-size: clamp(28px, 6vw, 36px);
  }

  .tools-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    max-width: 400px;
    gap: 20px;
  }

  .tool-card {
    padding: 24px 20px;
  }

  .tool-icon {
    width: 48px;
    height: 48px;
    font-size: 20px;
    margin-bottom: 16px;
  }

  .research-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 20px;
  }

  .research-card {
    padding: 28px 24px;
  }

  .stats {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(150px, 1fr));
    gap: 20px;
    margin-top: 50px;
  }

  .stat-item {
    padding: 28px 20px;
  }

  .stat-number {
    font-size: 42px;
  }

  .publication-item {
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 20px;
    padding: 28px 24px;
  }

  .footer-content {
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 20px;
    text-align: center;
  }

  .hero-buttons {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 12px;
  }

  .btn {
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 280px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
  .nav {
    height: 48px;
    padding: 0 16px;
  }

  .nav-brand h1 {
    font-size: 17px;
  }

  .nav-brand p {
    font-size: 12px;
  }

  .nav-right {
    gap: 12px;
  }

  .lang-btn {
    padding: 6px 10px;
    font-size: 13px;
    min-width: 40px;
  }

  .hero {
    padding: 100px 16px 60px;
  }

  .hero-text h2 {
    font-size: clamp(28px, 8vw, 34px);
    margin-bottom: 16px;
  }

  .hero-text p {
    font-size: 17px;
    margin-bottom: 24px;
  }

  .avatar {
    width: 160px;
    height: 160px;
    font-size: 56px;
  }

  .tools-section,
  .about-section,
  .research-section,
  .publications-section,
  .contact-section {
    padding: 60px 16px;
  }

  .tools-section {
    padding: 40px 16px;
  }

  .section-header {
    margin-bottom: 40px;
  }

  .section-header h2 {
    font-size: clamp(24px, 7vw, 30px);
  }

  .section-header p {
    font-size: 17px;
  }

  .tool-card,
  .research-card {
    padding: 28px 20px;
  }

  .tool-icon {
    width: 44px;
    height: 44px;
    font-size: 18px;
    margin-bottom: 14px;
  }

  .research-icon {
    width: 48px;
    height: 48px;
    font-size: 20px;
    margin-bottom: 16px;
  }

  .tool-card h3,
  .research-card h3 {
    font-size: 20px;
  }

  .tool-card p,
  .research-card p {
    font-size: 16px;
  }

  .stats {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 16px;
    margin-top: 40px;
  }

  .stat-item {
    padding: 24px 20px;
  }

  .stat-number {
    font-size: 36px;
  }

  .stat-label {
    font-size: 16px;
  }

  .publication-item {
    padding: 24px 20px;
    gap: 16px;
  }

  .publication-content h4 {
    font-size: 17px;
    line-height: 1.4;
  }

  .publication-content p {
    font-size: 15px;
  }

  .contact-item {
    padding: 20px;
    flex-direction: column;
    text-align: center;
    gap: 12px;
  }

  .contact-item i {
    width: 40px;
    height: 40px;
    font-size: 16px;
  }

  .contact-item span {
    font-size: 16px;
  }

  .footer {
    padding: 40px 16px;
  }

  .footer-content p,
  .footer-links a {
    font-size: 15px;
  }

  .scroll-to-top {
    width: 48px;
    height: 48px;
    bottom: 24px;
    right: 24px;
    font-size: 18px;
  }
}

/* Advanced scroll animations and modern effects */
@keyframes float {
  0% {
    transform: translateY(0px) rotate(0deg);
    opacity: 1;
  }
  100% {
    transform: translateY(-1000px) rotate(360deg);
    opacity: 0;
  }
}

@keyframes shimmer {
  0% {
    background-position: -200% center;
  }
  100% {
    background-position: 200% center;
  }
}

@keyframes pulse {
  0%,
  100% {
    opacity: 1;
  }
  50% {
    opacity: 0.8;
  }
}

@keyframes slideInUp {
  from {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(40px);
  }
  to {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0);
  }
}

@keyframes fadeInScale {
  from {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: scale(0.9);
  }
  to {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: scale(1);
  }
}

/* Smooth animations for page load */
.fade-in {
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateY(30px);
  animation: slideInUp 0.8s cubic-bezier(0.25, 0.46, 0.45, 0.94) forwards;
}

.scale-in {
  opacity: 0;
  transform: scale(0.9);
  animation: fadeInScale 0.6s cubic-bezier(0.25, 0.46, 0.45, 0.94) forwards;
}

/* Loading shimmer effect */
.shimmer {
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent 0%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4) 50%, transparent 100%);
  background-size: 200% 100%;
  animation: shimmer 2s infinite;
}

@keyframes fadeInUp {
  to {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0);
  }
}

/* Focus styles for accessibility */
.lang-btn:focus,
.btn:focus,
.tool-link:focus,
.nav-menu a:focus {
  outline: 2px solid var(--primary-color);
  outline-offset: 2px;
}

/* Reduced motion preferences */
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  * {
    animation-duration: 0.01ms !important;
    animation-iteration-count: 1 !important;
    transition-duration: 0.01ms !important;
  }

  html {
    scroll-behavior: auto;
  }
}

/* Sub-page Styles */

/* Sub-navigation */
.sub-nav {
  position: fixed;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.72);
  backdrop-filter: var(--blur);
  border-bottom: 0.5px solid var(--border-color);
  z-index: 1000;
  padding: 16px 24px;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  max-width: 1200px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.nav-back {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
}

.back-btn {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  color: var(--primary-color);
  text-decoration: none;
  font-weight: 500;
  padding: 8px 16px;
  border-radius: var(--radius-small);
  transition: var(--transition);
}

.back-btn:hover {
  background: rgba(0, 122, 255, 0.1);
  transform: translateX(-2px);
}

.back-btn i {
  font-size: 14px;
}

/* Research Hero */
.research-hero {
  position: relative;
  padding: 120px 0 80px;
  text-align: center;
  overflow: hidden;
  min-height: 60vh;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--background-primary) 0%, var(--background-secondary) 100%);
}

.hero-bg {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  background: radial-gradient(
    ellipse 120% 80% at 50% 20%,
    rgba(0, 122, 255, 0.08) 0%,
    rgba(88, 86, 214, 0.06) 40%,
    transparent 70%
  );
}

.hero-gradient {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  background: radial-gradient(circle at 30% 30%, rgba(0, 122, 255, 0.12), transparent 50%),
    radial-gradient(circle at 70% 70%, rgba(88, 86, 214, 0.08), transparent 50%);
}

.hero-content {
  position: relative;
  max-width: 800px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 24px;
  z-index: 1;
}

.research-icon-large {
  width: 120px;
  height: 120px;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary-color), var(--secondary-color));
  border-radius: 30px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  margin: 0 auto 32px;
  box-shadow: 0 20px 60px rgba(0, 122, 255, 0.3), 0 8px 25px rgba(0, 122, 255, 0.2),
    inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3);
  position: relative;
  animation: iconFloat 6s ease-in-out infinite;
}

.research-icon-large::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  inset: -2px;
  border-radius: 32px;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3), transparent 50%);
  z-index: -1;
}

.research-icon-large i {
  font-size: 60px;
  color: white;
  text-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
}

@keyframes iconFloat {
  0%,
  100% {
    transform: translateY(0) scale(1);
  }
  50% {
    transform: translateY(-8px) scale(1.02);
  }
}

.research-hero h1 {
  font-size: 48px;
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-bottom: 16px;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--text-primary), var(--text-secondary));
  -webkit-background-clip: text;
  -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
  background-clip: text;
}

.research-hero p {
  font-size: 20px;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  max-width: 600px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

/* Section Content */
.section-content {
  max-width: 1200px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 24px;
}

.research-overview,
.research-methodology,
.key-findings,
.research-stats,
.future-work,
.assessment-framework,
.technical-approach,
.research-results,
.case-studies,
.data-sources,
.technical-framework,
.key-applications,
.research-impact,
.future-directions,
.smart-planning-framework,
.core-technologies,
.application-scenarios,
.success-cases,
.research-innovation,
.future-vision,
.sustainability-framework,
.green-transportation,
.fifteen-minute-city,
.low-carbon-design,
.sustainability-cases,
.future-goals,
.core-innovations,
.method-innovations,
.technical-achievements,
.innovation-applications,
.academic-impact,
.future-prospects {
  padding: 80px 0;
}

.research-overview:nth-child(even),
.research-methodology:nth-child(even),
.key-findings:nth-child(even),
.research-stats:nth-child(even),
.future-work:nth-child(even) {
  background: var(--background-secondary);
}

.section-content h2 {
  font-size: 36px;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-align: center;
  margin-bottom: 60px;
  color: var(--text-primary);
}

/* Overview Grid */
.overview-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(500px, 1fr));
  gap: 32px;
  margin-top: 40px;
}

.overview-card {
  background: var(--surface);
  border-radius: var(--radius-large);
  padding: 40px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-light);
  transition: box-shadow 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.25, 0.46, 0.45, 0.94);
  border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.overview-card::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  height: 3px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--primary-color), var(--secondary-color));
  transform: scaleX(0);
  transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.overview-card:hover {
  box-shadow: 0 20px 60px rgba(0, 122, 255, 0.12), 0 8px 30px rgba(0, 122, 255, 0.08);
  border-color: rgba(0, 122, 255, 0.15);
}

.overview-card:hover::before {
  transform: scaleX(1);
}

.overview-card h3 {
  font-size: 24px;
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-bottom: 16px;
  color: var(--primary-color);
}

.overview-card p {
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
}

/* Methodology Timeline */
.methodology-timeline {
  position: relative;
  max-width: 800px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.methodology-timeline::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  left: 50%;
  transform: translateX(-50%);
  width: 2px;
  height: 100%;
  background: linear-gradient(to bottom, var(--primary-color), var(--secondary-color));
}

.timeline-item {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  margin-bottom: 60px;
  position: relative;
}

.timeline-item:nth-child(odd) {
  flex-direction: row;
}

.timeline-item:nth-child(even) {
  flex-direction: row-reverse;
}

.timeline-icon {
  width: 60px;
  height: 60px;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary-color), var(--secondary-color));
  border-radius: 50%;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-medium);
}

.timeline-icon i {
  font-size: 24px;
  color: white;
}

.timeline-content {
  flex: 1;
  background: var(--surface);
  border-radius: var(--radius-medium);
  padding: 32px;
  margin: 0 40px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-light);
  transition: var(--transition);
}

.timeline-content:hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-medium);
}

.timeline-content h3 {
  font-size: 20px;
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-bottom: 12px;
  color: var(--text-primary);
}

.timeline-content p {
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
}

/* Key Findings */
.findings-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(350px, 1fr));
  gap: 32px;
  margin-top: 40px;
}

.finding-card {
  background: var(--surface);
  border-radius: var(--radius-large);
  padding: 40px;
  text-align: center;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-light);
  transition: box-shadow 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.25, 0.46, 0.45, 0.94);
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
  cursor: pointer;
}

.finding-card::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  height: 4px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--primary-color), var(--secondary-color));
}

.finding-card:hover {
  box-shadow: 0 25px 80px rgba(0, 122, 255, 0.15), 0 10px 40px rgba(0, 122, 255, 0.1);
  border-color: rgba(0, 122, 255, 0.2);
}

.finding-number {
  font-size: 48px;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--primary-color);
  margin-bottom: 16px;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary-color), var(--secondary-color));
  -webkit-background-clip: text;
  -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
  background-clip: text;
}

.finding-card h3 {
  font-size: 20px;
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-bottom: 16px;
  color: var(--text-primary);
}

.finding-card p {
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
}

/* Research Stats */
.stats-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(250px, 1fr));
  gap: 32px;
  margin-top: 40px;
}

.stat-card {
  background: var(--surface);
  border-radius: var(--radius-large);
  padding: 40px;
  text-align: center;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-light);
  transition: box-shadow 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.25, 0.46, 0.45, 0.94);
  border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
  cursor: pointer;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.stat-card::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  bottom: 0;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  height: 3px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--secondary-color), var(--accent-color));
  transform: scaleX(0);
  transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.stat-card:hover {
  box-shadow: 0 20px 60px rgba(88, 86, 214, 0.12), 0 8px 30px rgba(88, 86, 214, 0.08);
  border-color: rgba(88, 86, 214, 0.2);
}

.stat-card:hover::after {
  transform: scaleX(1);
}

.stat-number {
  font-size: 48px;
  font-weight: 700;
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary-color), var(--secondary-color));
  -webkit-background-clip: text;
  -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
  background-clip: text;
}

.stat-label {
  font-size: 16px;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
}

/* Future Work */
.future-list {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 32px;
  max-width: 800px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.future-item {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 24px;
  background: var(--surface);
  border-radius: var(--radius-medium);
  padding: 32px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-light);
  transition: var(--transition);
}

.future-item:hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-medium);
}

.future-item i {
  font-size: 32px;
  color: var(--primary-color);
  margin-top: 4px;
}

.future-item h3 {
  font-size: 20px;
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-bottom: 12px;
  color: var(--text-primary);
}

.future-item p {
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
}

/* Framework Diagram */
.framework-diagram {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 40px;
  margin-top: 40px;
}

.framework-layer {
  background: var(--surface);
  border-radius: var(--radius-large);
  padding: 40px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-light);
  transition: var(--transition);
}

.framework-layer:hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-medium);
}

.framework-layer h3 {
  font-size: 24px;
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-bottom: 24px;
  color: var(--primary-color);
  text-align: center;
}

.framework-items {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(200px, 1fr));
  gap: 24px;
}

.framework-item {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  text-align: center;
  padding: 24px;
  background: var(--background-primary);
  border-radius: var(--radius-medium);
  transition: var(--transition);
}

.framework-item:hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-light);
}

.framework-item i {
  font-size: 32px;
  color: var(--primary-color);
  margin-bottom: 12px;
}

.framework-item span {
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
}

/* Technical Approach Steps */
.approach-steps {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 32px;
  max-width: 900px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.step-item {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 24px;
  background: var(--surface);
  border-radius: var(--radius-large);
  padding: 40px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-light);
  transition: var(--transition);
}

.step-item:hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-medium);
}

.step-number {
  width: 60px;
  height: 60px;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary-color), var(--secondary-color));
  border-radius: 50%;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 24px;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: white;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.step-content {
  flex: 1;
}

.step-content h3 {
  font-size: 20px;
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-bottom: 12px;
  color: var(--text-primary);
}

.step-content p {
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  margin-bottom: 16px;
}

.step-details {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 8px;
  align-items: center;
}

.detail-tag {
  background: var(--primary-color);
  color: white;
  padding: 4px 12px;
  border-radius: var(--radius-small);
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.step-details span:not(.detail-tag) {
  font-size: 14px;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
}

/* Results Grid */
.results-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(350px, 1fr));
  gap: 32px;
  margin-top: 40px;
}

.result-card {
  background: var(--surface);
  border-radius: var(--radius-large);
  padding: 40px;
  text-align: center;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-light);
  transition: var(--transition);
}

.result-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-4px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-medium);
}

.result-icon {
  width: 80px;
  height: 80px;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary-color), var(--secondary-color));
  border-radius: 20px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  margin: 0 auto 24px;
}

.result-icon i {
  font-size: 40px;
  color: white;
}

.result-card h3 {
  font-size: 20px;
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-bottom: 16px;
  color: var(--text-primary);
}

.result-metric {
  font-size: 36px;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--primary-color);
  margin-bottom: 16px;
}

.result-card p {
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
}

/* Case Studies */
.case-list {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 40px;
  max-width: 900px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.case-item {
  background: var(--surface);
  border-radius: var(--radius-large);
  padding: 40px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-light);
  transition: var(--transition);
}

.case-item:hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-medium);
}

.case-header {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.case-header h3 {
  font-size: 22px;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--text-primary);
}

.case-year {
  background: var(--primary-color);
  color: white;
  padding: 6px 16px;
  border-radius: var(--radius-small);
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.case-item p {
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.case-tags {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 8px;
}

.tag {
  background: var(--background-secondary);
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  padding: 6px 12px;
  border-radius: var(--radius-small);
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 500;
}

/* Responsive Design */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .research-hero {
    padding: 100px 0 60px;
  }

  .research-hero h1 {
    font-size: 32px;
  }

  .research-hero p {
    font-size: 18px;
  }

  .research-icon-large {
    width: 80px;
    height: 80px;
    border-radius: 20px;
  }

  .research-icon-large i {
    font-size: 40px;
  }

  .section-content h2 {
    font-size: 28px;
    margin-bottom: 40px;
  }

  .overview-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 24px;
  }

  .overview-card {
    padding: 24px;
  }

  .methodology-timeline::before {
    left: 30px;
  }

  .timeline-item {
    flex-direction: row !important;
    padding-left: 80px;
  }

  .timeline-item:nth-child(even) {
    flex-direction: row !important;
  }

  .timeline-icon {
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
    width: 60px;
    height: 60px;
  }

  .timeline-content {
    margin: 0;
  }

  .findings-grid,
  .stats-grid,
  .results-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 24px;
  }

  .approach-steps {
    gap: 24px;
  }

  .step-item {
    flex-direction: column;
    text-align: center;
    padding: 24px;
  }

  .framework-items {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(150px, 1fr));
    gap: 16px;
  }

  .sub-nav {
    padding: 12px 16px;
  }

  .back-btn {
    padding: 6px 12px;
    font-size: 14px;
  }
}

/* Advanced layout styles for complex components */

/* Design Strategy Sections */
.design-strategies {
  margin-top: 40px;
}

.strategy-section {
  margin-bottom: 60px;
}

.strategy-section h3 {
  font-size: 28px;
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-bottom: 32px;
  color: var(--text-primary);
  text-align: center;
}

.strategy-items {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 24px;
}

.strategy-item {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 24px;
  background: var(--surface);
  border-radius: var(--radius-large);
  padding: 32px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-light);
  transition: var(--transition);
}

.strategy-item:hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-medium);
}

.item-icon {
  width: 60px;
  height: 60px;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--success-color), #32d74b);
  border-radius: 15px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.item-icon i {
  font-size: 30px;
  color: white;
}

.item-content h4 {
  font-size: 20px;
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-bottom: 12px;
  color: var(--text-primary);
}

.item-content p {
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
}

/* Case Studies Enhanced */
.cases-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(350px, 1fr));
  gap: 32px;
  margin-top: 40px;
}

.case-study {
  background: var(--surface);
  border-radius: var(--radius-large);
  padding: 32px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-light);
  transition: var(--transition);
}

.case-study:hover {
  transform: translateY(-4px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-medium);
}

.case-header {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: flex-start;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
  gap: 16px;
}

.case-header h3 {
  font-size: 20px;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--text-primary);
  flex: 1;
}

.case-status {
  background: var(--success-color);
  color: white;
  padding: 6px 12px;
  border-radius: var(--radius-small);
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 600;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.case-content p {
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.case-achievements {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 16px;
}

.achievement {
  text-align: center;
  flex: 1;
}

.achievement-number {
  font-size: 24px;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--primary-color);
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 4px;
}

.achievement-label {
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
}

/* Goals Timeline */
.goals-timeline {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 32px;
  max-width: 800px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  position: relative;
}

.goals-timeline::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  left: 60px;
  top: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  width: 2px;
  background: linear-gradient(to bottom, var(--primary-color), var(--secondary-color));
}

.goal-item {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 24px;
  position: relative;
}

.goal-year {
  width: 80px;
  height: 80px;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary-color), var(--secondary-color));
  border-radius: 20px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 16px;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: white;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
}

.goal-content {
  flex: 1;
  background: var(--surface);
  border-radius: var(--radius-large);
  padding: 32px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-light);
  transition: var(--transition);
}

.goal-content:hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-medium);
}

.goal-content h3 {
  font-size: 22px;
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-bottom: 16px;
  color: var(--text-primary);
}

.goal-content p {
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
}

/* Innovation Items */
.innovation-items {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 32px;
  margin-top: 40px;
}

.innovation-item {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 24px;
  background: var(--surface);
  border-radius: var(--radius-large);
  padding: 40px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-light);
  transition: var(--transition);
}

.innovation-item:hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-medium);
}

.innovation-icon {
  width: 80px;
  height: 80px;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--accent-color), #ff6b6b);
  border-radius: 20px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.innovation-icon i {
  font-size: 40px;
  color: white;
}

.innovation-content h3 {
  font-size: 24px;
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-bottom: 16px;
  color: var(--text-primary);
}

.innovation-content p {
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.innovation-highlights {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 8px;
}

.innovation-highlights span {
  background: var(--accent-color);
  color: white;
  padding: 6px 12px;
  border-radius: var(--radius-small);
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 600;
}

/* Prospects Grid */
.prospects-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(300px, 1fr));
  gap: 32px;
  margin-top: 40px;
}

.prospect-card {
  background: var(--surface);
  border-radius: var(--radius-large);
  padding: 32px;
  text-align: center;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-light);
  transition: var(--transition);
}

.prospect-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-4px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-medium);
}

.prospect-icon {
  width: 80px;
  height: 80px;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--secondary-color), #8b5cf6);
  border-radius: 20px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  margin: 0 auto 24px;
}

.prospect-icon i {
  font-size: 40px;
  color: white;
}

.prospect-card h3 {
  font-size: 20px;
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-bottom: 16px;
  color: var(--text-primary);
}

.prospect-card p {
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
}

/* Vision Roadmap */
.vision-roadmap {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 40px;
  max-width: 900px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  position: relative;
}

.vision-roadmap::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  left: 80px;
  top: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  width: 3px;
  background: linear-gradient(to bottom, var(--primary-color), var(--secondary-color), var(--accent-color));
}

.roadmap-item {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 32px;
  position: relative;
}

.roadmap-year {
  width: 120px;
  height: 60px;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary-color), var(--secondary-color));
  border-radius: var(--radius-medium);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 16px;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: white;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-medium);
}

.roadmap-content {
  flex: 1;
  background: var(--surface);
  border-radius: var(--radius-large);
  padding: 32px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-light);
  transition: var(--transition);
}

.roadmap-content:hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-medium);
}

.roadmap-content h3 {
  font-size: 22px;
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-bottom: 16px;
  color: var(--text-primary);
}

.roadmap-content p {
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
}

/* Impact Areas */
.impact-areas {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(300px, 1fr));
  gap: 32px;
  margin-top: 40px;
}

.impact-item {
  background: var(--surface);
  border-radius: var(--radius-large);
  padding: var(--radius-medium);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-light);
  transition: var(--transition);
}

.impact-item:hover {
  transform: translateY(-4px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-medium);
}

.impact-header {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 16px;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.impact-icon {
  width: 60px;
  height: 60px;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary-color), var(--secondary-color));
  border-radius: 15px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
}

.impact-icon i {
  font-size: 30px;
  color: white;
}

.impact-header h3 {
  font-size: 20px;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--text-primary);
}

.impact-content p {
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  margin-bottom: 16px;
}

.impact-examples {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 8px;
}

.impact-examples span {
  background: var(--background-secondary);
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  padding: 6px 12px;
  border-radius: var(--radius-small);
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 500;
}

.impact-metrics {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 16px;
  margin-top: 16px;
}

.impact-metrics span {
  background: var(--primary-color);
  color: white;
  padding: 6px 12px;
  border-radius: var(--radius-small);
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 600;
}

/* Responsive improvements for complex layouts */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .goals-timeline::before,
  .vision-roadmap::before {
    left: 30px;
  }

  .goal-item,
  .roadmap-item {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    text-align: center;
    gap: 20px;
  }

  .goal-year,
  .roadmap-year {
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
  }

  .strategy-item {
    flex-direction: column;
    text-align: center;
  }

  .case-header {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 12px;
  }

  .case-achievements {
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 12px;
  }

  .achievement {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    background: var(--background-secondary);
    padding: 12px;
    border-radius: var(--radius-small);
  }

  .impact-areas {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .impact-metrics {
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 8px;
  }

  .innovation-item {
    flex-direction: column;
    text-align: center;
  }
}

/* Research Link Styles */
.research-link {
  text-decoration: none !important;
  color: inherit;
  display: block;
  border: none;
  transform-style: preserve-3d;
  backface-visibility: hidden;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
}

.research-link:hover {
  text-decoration: none !important;
  color: inherit;
  border: none;
}

.research-link:focus {
  outline: 2px solid var(--primary-color);
  outline-offset: 4px;
  text-decoration: none !important;
  border: none;
}

.research-link h3,
.research-link p {
  text-decoration: none !important;
  border: none;
}

/* Research arrow indicator - use HTML element instead of CSS pseudo-element */
.research-arrow {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  right: 24px;
  transform: translateY(-50%);
  opacity: 0;
  transition: all 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.25, 0.46, 0.45, 0.94);
  color: var(--text-tertiary);
  font-size: 18px;
  z-index: 5;
  pointer-events: none; /* Ensure arrow doesn't interfere with mouse events */
}

.research-card:hover .research-arrow {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: translateY(-50%) translateX(4px);
  color: var(--primary-color);
}

/* Publications Section */